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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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illusion
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rock_txt.cxt
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00306_Text_ref18t.txt
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1997-02-04
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Why does this effect occur? In
order to attend to and focus on
the object in the color required
by the instructions, the
perception of the other,
overlapping object must be
suppressed or inhibited. If such
inhibition carries over to the
next trial, it will interfere
with the processing necessary
to consciously perceive that
object and thus will increase
the time to respond. However,
the perception of the object on
the trial when it is suppressed
is not a conscious one nor is
the suppression on the next
trial in any way conscious.
Based on TipperΓÇÖs research,
Anne Treisman and Brett De
Schepper at the University of
California at Berkeley extended
the findings and uncovered
some rather amazing facts.
Instead of using overlapping
familiar figures, they used the
kinds of novel figure that
Gutman and I had used, which
necessitated a change in
procedure. Since novel figures
have no names, the
investigators used what is
referred to as a Same-Different
matching task on each trial. On
one side was a pair of
overlapping figures, one green
and one red, and the subjects
were to say as quickly as
possible whether the attended
figure on one side was the same
as or different than a white
figure on the other side. On
negative successive priming
trials, the irrelevant colored
shape on one trial would
become the relevantly colored
shape on the next. The
researchers found that it
required more time to respond
on that second trial"same" or
"different" if the now
relevantly colored shape was
the one that was irrelevant on
the preceding trial. The
surprising new finding, in
addition to the fact that
negative priming occurred for
unfamiliar shapes, was that the
effect lasted for long periods of
time. If the irrelevant shape
only appeared much later in
the series, after many other
intervening trials with many
different figures, it still had a
negative, delaying effect on
reaction time. In fact, the
unattended and unconsciously
processed shapes exerted an
effect even after many days or
weeks intervened.